Celecoxib: What it treats, how to use it, and what to watch for

Celecoxib (brand name Celebrex) is a prescription NSAID that targets COX-2, the enzyme that makes inflammation and pain. People usually get it for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain after surgery, menstrual cramps, and some other inflammatory conditions. It can cut down stomach irritation compared with older NSAIDs, but it still carries risks you should know.

How celecoxib works and common dosing

Celecoxib blocks COX-2 to lower inflammation while sparing COX-1, which helps protect the stomach lining. That difference often means fewer stomach ulcers and less gastric bleeding than with non-selective NSAIDs, but the protection isn’t complete—so caution still matters.

Typical adult doses are in the 100–200 mg range. For osteoarthritis many doctors use 100 mg once or twice daily, while rheumatoid arthritis often needs 100–200 mg twice daily. For short-term pain, a common approach is a larger initial dose (for example, 400 mg once) then 200 mg if needed. Always follow your prescriber—doses change based on your condition and other meds.

Safety, side effects, and smart use

Common side effects: stomach upset, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. Serious issues to watch for: signs of stomach bleeding (black stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds), sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side, or severe swelling. Studies have shown that long-term or high-dose use of COX-2 drugs can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, so doctors limit dose and duration when heart risk is higher.

Who should avoid celecoxib? If you’ve had a sulfonamide (sulfa) allergy, tell your doctor—celecoxib is a sulfonamide derivative and can cause a reaction. Avoid during the last trimester of pregnancy. Use caution if you have heart disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, kidney problems, or a history of stomach ulcers.

Drug interactions matter: combining celecoxib with blood thinners like warfarin raises bleeding risk. Don’t stack it with other NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) unless advised. Tell your prescriber about ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and any antidepressants—some combinations affect kidney function or bleeding risk.

Practical tips: use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time. If you need chronic pain control, ask your doctor about regular heart and kidney monitoring. If stomach issues are a concern, your doctor may pair celecoxib with a gastric-protective medicine.

Thinking of buying celecoxib online? Make sure the pharmacy asks for a valid prescription, displays clear contact info, and is certified or accredited. Avoid deals that look too cheap or sites that don’t require a prescription. When in doubt, call your local pharmacist or prescriber—online convenience isn’t worth unsafe meds.

If you have specific questions about dosing, side effects you’re seeing, or whether celecoxib is right for your condition, talk to your doctor. They know your medical history and can tailor the safest plan for you.