Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): What You Need to Know

NSAIDs are the go-to pills for pain, fever, and inflammation. You’ve probably used ibuprofen or aspirin at some point. They work fast and often help you get back to normal, but they can cause real problems if used the wrong way. Read on for clear, useful advice so you use them safely.

How NSAIDs work and common options

NSAIDs block chemicals called prostaglandins that cause swelling and pain. Common OTC options are ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and low‑dose aspirin. Prescription NSAIDs include stronger doses and COX‑2 selective drugs like celecoxib. Choose based on the problem: ibuprofen for short-term pain or fever, naproxen for longer relief, and aspirin mostly for heart-related uses under doctor advice.

Practical safety tips and who should be careful

Take the lowest dose that helps and only as long as needed. For OTC guidance, many adults use 200–400 mg ibuprofen every 4–6 hours (follow the label or your doctor). Naproxen OTC is usually 220 mg every 8–12 hours. Don’t stack different NSAIDs at the same time — that raises risks without extra benefit.

Always take NSAIDs with food or milk to lower stomach upset. If you have a history of ulcers, bleeding, kidney disease, heart disease, or high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before using them. Pregnant people should avoid most NSAIDs, especially in the later stages of pregnancy. Older adults are more likely to have side effects and usually need lower doses or alternative treatments.

Watch for warning signs: dark or bloody stools, severe stomach pain, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling in the legs, or sudden changes in urine. If those happen, stop the drug and get medical help.

NSAIDs interact with common meds like blood thinners (warfarin), some blood pressure drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs), lithium, and methotrexate. If you take prescription meds, run NSAIDs by your pharmacist or doctor first.

If you need pain control beyond a few days, or if pain is severe, see a healthcare provider. Alternatives to oral NSAIDs include acetaminophen for pain without inflammation, topical NSAID gels for joint pain, physical therapy, ice/heat, and targeted injections when appropriate.

Use common sense: read labels, don’t exceed recommended doses, and ask a clinician if you’re unsure. NSAIDs are powerful and useful — when used smartly they make life easier; used carelessly they can cause harm. Keep it simple: lowest effective dose, shortest time, and know when to get help.